This brief provides insight on the outcomes of the research project ‘Partnership Arrangements as Strategic Action for Inclusive Development: Practice and Outcome’,  implemented by the Wageningen University, CSIR-Science and Technology Policy Research Institute and Institute of Statistical and Social Research, University of Ghana. The intentions and actual enactment of inclusive development, as well as the empowerment outcomes generated for and by various smallholders from four agricultural partnership cases, in export (cocoa) and food (cassava and soybeans) value chains are discussed.